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Spaniards resident abroad · consultation roll 8 October 2026

The overseas vote (CERA)

CERA voters cast their ballot in the province where they were last registered. The requested-vote system ended in 2023 and turnout has recovered; meanwhile the overseas roll has grown sharply. This is what is known before the model estimates it.

2,769,645CERA electors on the 2026 consultation roll
2,328,260at the 2023 general election
+19.0 %441,385 more electors
9.0 %CERA turnout in 2023 (208,431 voters)

Overseas turnout, 2008–2023

Between 2011 and 2019 overseas voters had to apply for a ballot (voto rogado) and turnout fell from about 32% to 5–7%. In 2023, without that step, it rose again.

0%10%20%30%Requested vote31.7%20085.0%20114.7%20156.3%20165.6%2019 abr6.9%2019 nov9.0%2023
CERA voters over registered CERA electors. Source: Oficina del Censo Electoral (INE) and Ministry of the Interior counts.

How the vote splits, election by election

Share of valid CERA votes, national total. Frente Amplio (key SUMAR) groups the IU / Podemos / Sumar lineage; UPN is counted with the PP; Cs is shown separately only for 2015–2019.

2008PP 28.1%28PSOE 57.5%57Frente Amplio 1.6%ERC 0.5%Junts 1.3%EAJ-PNV 0.8%BNG 0.8%Coalición Canaria 2.7%Otros 6.4%6Blank 0.4%2011PP 37.9%38PSOE 38.5%39Frente Amplio 6.7%7ERC 0.8%Junts 1.9%EH Bildu 1.0%EAJ-PNV 1.0%BNG 1.1%Coalición Canaria 0.4%Otros 10.2%10Blank 0.6%2015PP 23.7%24PSOE 16.8%17Vox 0.5%Frente Amplio 30.9%31Cs 16.4%16ERC 2.7%Junts 1.7%EH Bildu 0.8%EAJ-PNV 0.8%BNG 0.5%Coalición Canaria 0.2%Otros 4.6%5Blank 0.5%2016PP 28.7%29PSOE 16.4%16Vox 0.4%Frente Amplio 30.1%30Cs 15.1%15ERC 2.5%Junts 1.5%EH Bildu 0.5%EAJ-PNV 0.7%BNG 0.3%Coalición Canaria 0.1%Otros 3.4%Blank 0.4%2019 abrPP 14.9%15PSOE 26.9%27Vox 9.6%10Frente Amplio 16.9%17Cs 16.2%16ERC 4.1%4Junts 2.3%EH Bildu 0.7%EAJ-PNV 1.0%BNG 0.5%Coalición Canaria 0.4%Otros 5.9%6Blank 0.6%2019 novPP 18.0%18PSOE 27.5%28Vox 11.5%11Frente Amplio 15.3%15Cs 9.0%9ERC 3.5%Junts 2.4%EH Bildu 0.8%EAJ-PNV 1.0%BNG 0.6%Coalición Canaria 0.2%Otros 9.7%10Blank 0.7%2023PP 33.2%33PSOE 29.0%29Vox 11.2%11Frente Amplio 14.8%15ERC 1.5%Junts 1.4%EH Bildu 0.9%EAJ-PNV 0.7%BNG 0.8%Coalición Canaria 0.8%Otros 4.9%5Blank 0.8%
PPPSOEVoxFrente AmplioCsERCJuntsEH BilduEAJ-PNVBNGCoalición CanariaOtrosBlank

Galicia: where the overseas vote weighs most

In Ourense CERA electors are 30.9% of the provincial roll; in Lugo, 22.6%. Historical emigration to the Americas and Europe and recent nationality acquisition by descendants sustain that weight.

30.9 %Ourense · 111,124 CERA electors · 2023 turnout 5.7 %
22.6 %Lugo · 76,919 CERA electors · 2023 turnout 5.4 %
16.2 %Pontevedra · 150,148 CERA electors · 2023 turnout 7.2 %
16.1 %A Coruña · 178,478 CERA electors · 2023 turnout 6.4 %

By province

Select a header to sort. The census share is CERA electors over all electors in the province (CER plus CERA) on the 2026 consultation roll. The winner is the 2023 leader among the main parties, excluding "Others" and blank votes.

ProvinceCERA % of rollElectors 2026Change since 2023Turnout 20232023 winner
Ourense30.9111,124+8.0 %5.7 %PP
Lugo22.676,919+11.3 %5.4 %PP
Pontevedra16.2150,148+9.8 %7.2 %PP
Coruña (A)16.1178,478+9.2 %6.4 %PP
Zamora14.924,104+15.7 %8.4 %PP
Asturias14.7143,588+16.3 %7.1 %PP
Santa Cruz de Tenerife13.5125,100+16.7 %4.3 %PP
León12.955,080+13.2 %8.2 %PSOE
Salamanca12.036,586+15.6 %8.0 %PSOE
Soria11.89,060+24.0 %9.3 %PP
Melilla10.86,879+15.3 %3.0 %PP
Almería9.953,278+19.2 %6.7 %PSOE
Cantabria9.549,873+21.0 %8.4 %PP
Madrid9.0498,874+32.5 %11.9 %PP
Rioja (La)8.221,307+20.3 %8.4 %PP
Granada7.962,425+17.1 %8.7 %PSOE
Burgos7.422,373+18.6 %11.4 %PSOE
Palmas (Las)7.166,235+19.0 %4.7 %PSOE
Ávila7.09,602+14.7 %10.6 %PSOE
Navarra6.936,781+22.8 %9.4 %PP
Lleida6.721,909+19.9 %9.6 %PSOE
Palencia6.48,737+16.3 %10.3 %PSOE
Barcelona6.0265,687+22.1 %9.9 %PSOE
Gipuzkoa6.035,927+20.6 %14.6 %PSOE
Málaga5.774,033+21.7 %9.2 %PP
Teruel5.55,891+15.4 %8.7 %PSOE
Huesca5.59,675+18.8 %11.8 %PSOE
Cáceres5.518,535+10.8 %9.2 %PSOE
Bizkaia5.350,401+18.8 %8.5 %PSOE
Girona5.230,162+25.6 %9.7 %PSOE
Ceuta5.13,357+12.8 %3.0 %PSOE
Balears (Illes)4.842,115+28.2 %7.3 %PSOE
Tarragona4.326,598+23.3 %9.2 %PSOE
Alicante/Alacant4.155,464+22.4 %9.9 %PSOE
Zaragoza4.130,903+16.4 %15.3 %PSOE
Valencia/València4.083,234+18.2 %10.7 %PSOE
Valladolid4.017,741+20.4 %14.7 %PSOE
Murcia3.944,626+18.2 %9.4 %PSOE
Araba/Álava3.910,330+26.7 %13.5 %PSOE
Segovia3.44,178+14.6 %15.5 %PSOE
Cádiz3.435,052+12.7 %9.2 %PP
Córdoba3.220,911+9.1 %11.1 %PSOE
Guadalajara3.06,227+20.1 %14.6 %PSOE
Castellón/Castelló2.913,116+20.0 %13.2 %PSOE
Albacete2.98,961+11.1 %10.7 %PSOE
Jaén2.914,964+10.5 %11.5 %PSOE
Toledo2.815,686+18.3 %12.9 %PSOE
Sevilla2.743,565+13.1 %12.2 %PSOE
Cuenca2.53,703+13.7 %11.4 %PSOE
Badajoz2.413,090+7.9 %12.5 %PSOE
Huelva2.39,245+12.8 %8.4 %PSOE
Ciudad Real2.07,808+11.3 %13.6 %PSOE

Sources: INE, Oficina del Censo Electoral, Elecciones a Cortes Generales 2026, tabla 3 (censo de consulta); 2008–2023 electors and votes: Oficina del Censo Electoral and Ministry of the Interior. The consultation roll may change until the final roll is closed.

Context: the 2011 reform of the electoral law introduced the requested vote; it was abolished in 2022 and 2023 was the first general election without it. Since then the Democratic Memory Law (2022) has let descendants of exiles acquire nationality, and many now appear on the CERA roll. This block describes data; the 2026 overseas-vote estimate will be added with the model.